[4] ialah sebuah jambatan tol jalan raya kembar baharu di Pulau Pinang, Malaysia yang telah siap dibina sepenuhnya pada Februari 2014. Ia menghubungkan Batu Kawan di tanah besar Seberang Perai dan Batu Maung. Jambatan ini ialah jambatan kedua yang menghubungkan pula tersebut ke tanah besar selepas Jambatan Pulau Pinang. Jambatan yang menelan kos RM 4.5 bilion ini mempunyai panjang 24 km (15 batu) dan menjadi jambatan yang terpanjang di Malaysia dan Asia Tenggara.[3] China Harbour Engineering Co Ltd (CHEC) pada awalnya dijangka memulakan kerja-kerja pembinaan pada November 2007 dan dijangka siap pada 2012, namun ia hanya bermula pada November 2008 dan siap pada Februari 2014.[2] Jambatan ini dibina dengan pinjaman besar daripada kerajaan Republik Rakyat China.[5] Ia dirasmikan oleh Perdana Menteri Malaysia yang keenam Datuk Seri Mohd Najib bin Abdul Razak pada 1 Mac 2014 dan dinamakan bersempena Yang di-Pertuan Agong ke-14 Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah.[3]Jambatan Kedua Pulau Pinang juga mempunyai kompleks tol bersepadu yang pertama di Malaysia dan yang terbesar dengan mempunyai 28 lorong.
Pada 2014-2015, Larian Jambatan Pulau Pinang pun telah bertukar diadakan dekat Bayan Lepas ini.
Ciri-ciri
Empat lorong dengan dua lorong motosikal dibina di atas jambatan ini. Panjang jambatan ini ialah 24 km (15 batu). 17 km (10 batu) daripada jambatan ini akan merentasi Selat Selatan, selat yang menghubungkan Pulau dan Seberang Perai. 1.5 km (1 batu) akan berada di kawasan Batu Maung, sementara 6 km (3 batu) akan berada di kawasan Batu Kawan. Enam persimpangan lebuh raya akan dibina dalam projek ini. K. Preamakanthan dari UEM Construction Sdn Bhd merupakan pengarah projek yang bertanggungjawab ke atas projek ini.
Ia akan mempunyai dua platform yang meliputi kawasan perkhidmatan & rehat di persimpangan tengah. Ia direka seakan-akan menyerupai mutiara. Kawasan rehat ini akan menjadi kawasan rehat lebuh raya terapung pertama di Malaysia.
Sejarah
Pada Ogos 2006, kerajaan persekutuan Malaysia mengatur pelan untuk membina Jambatan Kedua Pulau Pinang yang terkandung dalam Rancangan Malaysia Kesembilan. Pada 12 November 2006, majlis penanaman cerucuk besi Jambatan Kedua Pulau Pinang yang baru dilakukan oleh Perdana Menteri Malaysia, Dato' Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi.
Selepas beberapa bulan, kerja-kerja menuang tanah dan penimbusan tiang berjaya dilakukan, China Harbour Engineering Co Ltd dan United Engineers Malaysia Berhad (UEM Group) mengumumkan projek ini akan disiapkan pada 2013. Kerja-kerja pembinaan bermula pada awal Januari 2008.[6]
Pada April 2008, kerajaan mengumumkan projek ini akan ditundakan selama 9 bulan disebabkan masalah perolehan tanah dan isu reka bentuk dan juga lonjakan kos bahan binaan[7]. Ketua Menteri Pulau Pinang yang baru dilantik, Lim Guan Eng mencadangkan diskaun tol untuk setiap kelewatan projek ini[8] dan meluahkan kekecewaan ke atas kelewatan pembinaan projek ini[9].
Keruntuhan sebahagian binaan Jambatan
Pada pukul 6.50pm tanggal 6 Jun 2013, sebahagian dari binaan Jambatan Kedua Pulau Pinang yang berada di bahagian Batu Maung telah runtuh menyembah bumi. Bahagian yang berukuran 30 meter panjang itu runtuh dan dipercayai menghempap sebuah kereta dibawah runtuhan debu.
Timbalan pengurus jabatan komunikasi dan hubungan awam Jambatan Kedua Sdn Bhd (JKSB) telah mengesahkan keruntuhan berlaku di salah satu seksyen di Pakej 3A Jambatan Kedua Pulau [10].
Seramai 4 orang dikenal pasti telah terbunuh akibat keruntuhan bahagian jambatan, 4 orang tersebut dipercayai berada dalam kereta ketika tragedi berlaku, mereka dihempap oleh batuan keatas kereta dan menyebabkan mereka mati serentak.
Menurut jurucakap polis, bahagian Peralihan Batu Maung yang menghubungkan jambatan dengan Jalan Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu yang runtuh itu telah menghempap sebuah kereta yang lalu diatas jalan dibawah struktur.[11]
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambatan_Sultan_Abdul_Halim_Muadzam_Shah
| Lebuhraya E28 | |
|---|---|
| Lebuhraya Jambatan Kedua Pulau Pinang Jambatan Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah[1] |
The Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge or Penang Second Bridge (Malay: Jambatan Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah or Jambatan Kedua Pulau Pinang;) is a dual carriageway toll bridge in Penang, Malaysia. It connects Bandar Cassia (Batu Kawan) in Seberang Perai on mainland Peninsular Malaysia with Batu Maung on Penang Island. It is the second bridge to link the island to the mainland after the first Penang Bridge.
The total length of the bridge is 24 km (15 mi) with length over water at 16.9 km (10.5 mi), making it the longest bridge in Malaysia and the second longest in Southeast Asia. China Harbour Engineering Co Ltd (CHEC), a main contractor for the second bridge was expected to start work on the second Penang bridge in November 2007 and complete the project in 2011, but the completion date was then postponed to May 2012, and later to February 2014.[1]
It originally was given route code 
but later changed to and was used by Senai–Desaru Expressway. Construction started in November 2008. To reduce the cost of construction, its design was then modified to resemble the first cable stayed Penang Bridge. The bridge has been built with a large loan from the People's Republic of China to continue and maintain the economic relationship between China and Malaysia.[3] The bridge was officially opened on 1 March 2014 at 20:30 MST and was named after the fourteenth Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the late Tuanku Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah of Kedah and was assigned with the route number E28.
Overview[edit]
The Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge is a High Impact Project (HIP) launched under the Ninth Malaysia Plan. Being a High Impact Project, it is seen as a key catalyst in the socio-economic development of the Northern Corridor Economic Region (NCER) of Malaysia. The project is being delivered by a special purpose Concession Company formed by the Government of Malaysia, Jambatan Kedua Sdn Bhd (JKSB). The bridge measuring a total of 24 km in length is being constructed by UEM Builders Sdn Bhd, a subsidiary of the UEM Group Malaysia, as well as China Harbour Engineering Company (CHEC), a subsidiary of the China Communications Construction Company (CCCC). Construction of the bridge, linking Batu Kawan on the mainland and Batu Maung on Penang Island, began in November 2008 and is projected completed in February 2014. The bridge was opened to traffic on 2 March 2014.[4]
Route background
The E28 expressway consists of the bridge and a land expressway linking the bridge to the North–South Expressway Northern Route E1, the main expressway of Peninsular Malaysia.
The Kilometre Zero of the expressway is located at its interchange with the North–South Expressway Northern Route E1. The westbound lanes towards the bridge feature a collector-express lanes system, where the collector lanes have an interchange at Exit 2801 to Bandar Cassia and Batu Kawan while the express lanes continue uninterrupted to the bridge. The bridge and expressway end in Batu Maung on Penang Island at the interchange with Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Expressway.
History
Planning
The idea to build a second bridge linking Seberang Perai to Penang Island was suggested in 1995 by the fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia's Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad and the 3rd Chief Minister of Penang's Tan Sri Dr Koh Tsu Koon. In August 2006, the Malaysian federal government unveiled a plan to build the Penang Second Bridge in the Ninth Malaysia Plan. On 12 November 2006, the groundbreaking ceremony for the new Penang Second Bridge was performed by the 5th Malaysian Prime Minister, Abdullah Ahmad Badawi.
Construction
After months of soil survey work and test piling work, CHEC and UEM announced that the project was on track for completion in 2011. Construction work was expected to begin in January 2008.[5]
In April 2008, the government announced that the project was to be delayed by 9 months due to land acquisition, design issues, and also the rising costs of building materials.[6] Newly elected Penang Chief Minister, Lim Guan Eng proposed a toll discount for any delays on the project[7] and also expressed disappointment regarding the construction delay.[8]
In July 2008, Jelutong MP Jeff Ooi reported that the loan for the bridge risked being withdrawn if the shareholder agreement between UEM Builders Berhad and its joint-venture partner CHEC was not inked by August 2008. It was reported that there were disagreements between the two parties on the apportionment of the cost of building the bridge although the issue was expected to be resolved quickly due to UEM having a variation on the price on its portion.[9]
On 8 November 2008, the construction of the Penang Second Bridge by CHEC finally commenced.[10]
On 3 October 2012, media reports indicated that the bridge was 84% complete, and that the bridge was due to be completed approximately two months ahead of the deadline of September 2013.[11]
On 20 April 2013, the final closure of the cable stayed bridge at the main navigational span of the Penang Second Bridge was completed and thus signified the completion of the construction of the bridge and physically connecting Batu Maung on the Island and Batu Kawan on the Mainland.
On 30 April 2013, the sixth Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak became the country's first leader to use the 24 km Penang Second Bridge to cross from the island to the mainland to attend a function in Kepala Batas, Seberang Perai.
The bridge had been planned for completion on 8 November 2013 and to be opened to the public by the end of November.[12] However, the opening day of 8 November 2013 was postponed and the bridge would be opened to traffic on 1 March 2014.[4][13]
Opening
The opening ceremony of the Penang Second Bridge was held at 20:30 MST on 1 March 2014 and was officially opened by the Malaysian Prime Minister, Najib Tun Razak.[14] The bridge was official named as Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge after the fourteenth Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the late Tuanku Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah of Kedah.[13][15][16] At midnight on 2 March 2014, the bridge was opened to traffic at 00:01 MST after the official opening ceremony.
Incidents
As with most bridges, the bridge has also been subject to a number of road accidents and suicides.
Penang Second Bridge ramp collapse
On 6 June 2013, a ramp leading to the still under construction Penang Second Bridge at Batu Maung interchange collapsed at around 7:00 pm, burying a car and two motorcycles under the debris. One person was killed in the incident. The ramp which is part of the Package 3A of the bridge project was built by the contractor Cergas Murni Sdn Bhd and not UEM Builders Berhad.
Design specifications
Bridge
The Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge is designed based on the double "S" curvy concept due to the geological reasons.[citation needed]The numerous "S"-like curves along the 24 km stretch are a requirement under the Road Safety Audit.
The Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge is the longest bridge in the world installed with High Damping Natural Rubber (HDNR) Bearing, an effective seismic isolation system that enables the bridge to withstand high intensity earthquakes. The bridge is the first in Malaysia to be installed with seismic expansion joints, which will allow movements during an earthquake.
Bridge specifications
- Overall length: 24 km (15 mi)
- Length over water: 16.9 km (10.5 mi)
- Main span: Length – 250 m
- Height clearance (above water): 30 m
- Number of vehicle lanes: 2 (with road shoulder) + 1 for motorcycles (each direction)
- Targeted date to be opened to the public: 2 March 2014
- Overall cost: RM 4.5 Billion
- Average time taken to drive from Batu Kawan to Batu Maung: 20 mins
- Proposed speed limit on bridge: 80 km/h (50 mph)
- Percentage of local contents to be used: 60%
Land expressway
The land expressway is the first in Malaysia to be designed based on an upgraded secondary consolidation criterion of 50mm settlement in the next 20 years.
Overview
The bridge and the link road to the North–South Expressway are maintained by a private concession company, Jambatan Kedua Sdn Bhd (JKSB). The toll for the bridge is similar to the toll scheme for the Penang Bridge, where a fee is collected one way when crossing the bridge from the mainland to Penang Island, while no fee is imposed for mainland-bound motorists coming from the island. On the other hand, the toll for the link road between the bridge and the North–South Expressway is collected in both directions.
There was a toll-free trial period during the opening month from 2 March until 31 March 2014. Toll collection began on 1 April 2014 at 6am.[17] Toll for motorcyclists was abolished from 1 January 2019.[18]
There are two toll plazas on the route: the Penang Second Bridge Integrated Toll Plaza (Bandar Cassia PLUS Toll Plaza) and the Penang Second Bridge Toll Plaza (JK2PP Toll Plaza).
Penang Second Bridge Integrated Toll Plaza (Bandar Cassia PLUS Toll Plaza
The Penang Second Bridge Integrated Toll Plaza or Bandar Cassia PLUS Toll Plaza, also known as Gateway Arch Toll Plaza after its gateway arch design, is the main toll plaza for Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge. Upon completion in February 2014, it is the largest toll plaza in Malaysia, overtaking the Sungai Besi Toll Plaza of the North–South Expressway Southern Route E2.[19] The toll plaza is Malaysia's longest non-vehicular span steel arch structure. It is also the first in Malaysia to be awarded with a Platinum rating in the Green Building Index (GBI).[20]
Situated between the North–South Expressway (Exit 157) and Bandar Cassia (Exit 2801) interchanges, the Bandar Cassia PLUS Toll Plaza is managed by PLUS Expressways, the highway concessionaire of the North–South Expressway.
In the westbound direction towards the bridge, the toll plaza is the starting point of the collector-express lanes system with division into two sections: Plaza A for the express lanes to the bridge and Plaza B for the collector lanes to the Bandar Cassia interchange.[21] At Plaza A, three tolls are collected from motorists: the PLUS closed toll collection for the North–South Expressway, the toll for the link road and the toll for the bridge; the latter two are collected on behalf of JKSB. At Plaza B, only the first two tolls are collected without the bridge component, as it is intended for motorists heading towards Bandar Cassia and Batu Kawan without using the bridge. Motorcyclists are not charged any tolls, instead using the motorcycle lane on the collector lanes' side to bypass the toll plaza.
In the eastbound direction towards the North–South Expressway, the toll plaza serves as the entry point into the PLUS closed toll system. The toll for the link road is collected together with the PLUS closed toll when the motorist exits the closed toll system.
Penang Second Bridge Toll Plaza (JK2PP Toll Plaza)
The Penang Second Bridge Toll Plaza or JK2PP Toll Plaza is located on the collector lanes after the Bandar Cassia interchange (Exit 2801), before merging with the express lanes towards the bridge. The toll plaza is managed by Jambatan Kedua Sdn Bhd (JKSB).
The toll for the bridge is collected from motorists going towards the bridge from the Bandar Cassia interchange, as well as from those who had used Plaza B at the Bandar Cassia PLUS Toll Plaza and travelled on the collector lanes to the bridge. Motorists travelling on the express lanes bypass the JK2PP Toll Plaza, as they had already paid the toll for the bridge at Plaza A of the Bandar Cassia PLUS Toll Plaza.
Toll rates
Penang Second Bridge Integrated Toll Plaza (Bandar Cassia PLUS Toll Plaza)
The toll rates in the table are for the link road only. The toll is collected in conjunction with other tolls (toll for the North–South Expressway and/or toll for the bridge, depending on travel direction and the plaza section used).
Beginning 26 April 2017, only Touch 'n Go and SmartTAG is accepted for toll payment. PLUS transit ticket is no longer issued for entry at Bandar Cassia toll plaza.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Abdul_Halim_Muadzam_Shah_Bridge
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| Jambatan Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah |
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| Jambatan Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra |
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