25 JUN 1861

Hari ini dalam Sejarah 25 Jun 1861, (Abdulmejid i, Sultan Uthmaniyyah) mangkat.

Gambar 1 : Abdulmejid i, Sultan Uthmaniyyah (23/25 April 1823 - 25 June 1861)

Abdulmejid I adalah Sultan ke-31 Kerajaan Uthmaniyyah yang menggantikan ayahnya Mahmud II pada 2 Julai 1839. Pemerintahannya terkenal dengan kebangkitan gerakan nasionalis di empayar tersebut. Abdulmejid ingin mendorong Uthmaniyyah di antara negara-negara subjek yang berpisah dan menghentikan gerakan nasionalis yang berkembang di dalam empayar, tetapi di sebalik undang-undang dan pembaharuan baru untuk menyatukan orang bukan Islam dan bukan Turki dengan lebih mendalam ke dalam masyarakat Uthmaniyyah, usahanya gagal.

Gambar 2 : Abdulmejid I semasa muda dilukis oleh David Wilkie dari British.

Dia berusaha menjalin hubungan persekutuan dengan kekuatan besar Eropah Barat, iaitu Britain dan Perancis, yang berperang bersama Empayar Uthmaniyyah dalam Perang Krimea melawan Rusia. Pada Kongres Paris berikutnya pada 30 Mac 1856, Kerajaan Uthmaniyyah secara rasmi dimasukkan dalam keluarga bangsa Eropah.

Pencapaian terbesar Abdulmejid adalah pengumuman dan pelaksanaan reformasi Tanzimat (penyusunan semula) yang disiapkan oleh bapanya dan secara berkesan memulakan pemodenan Empayar Uthmaniyyah pada tahun 1839. Untuk pencapaian ini, salah satu lagu kebangsaan Empayar Uthmaniyyah, March of Abdulmejid, dinamakan bersempena nama beliau.

Jika berkesempatan admin akan upload juga Lagu March of Abdulmejid I.

March of Abdulmejid

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4Jz43a_T8M

Oleh : Abd Halim Sejarawan

Berikan sokongan anda kepada page The Sejarah untuk mempelajari sejarah dunia di platform Facebook anda di mana-mana sahaja anda berada...

https://www.facebook.com/101379711907973/posts/192604192785524/

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Sultan Abdülmecid I - The 31th Sultan Of The Ottoman Empire

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CKwykcerzOA

Sultan Abdülmecid I, Abdul Mejid I, Abd-ul-Mejid I or Abd Al-Majid I Ghazi (Ottoman Turkish: عبد المجيد اول 'Abdü'l-Mecīd-i evvel) (23/25 April 1823 - 25 June 1861) was the 31st Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and succeeded his father Mahmud II on July 2, 1839. His reign was notable for the rise of nationalist movements within the empire's territories. Abdülmecid wanted to encourage Ottomanism among the secessionist subject nations and stop the rise of nationalist movements within the empire, but failed to succeed despite trying to integrate non-Muslims and non-Turks more thoroughly into the Ottoman society with new laws and reforms. He tried to forge alliances with the major powers of Western Europe, namely the United Kingdom and France, who fought alongside the Ottoman Empire in the Crimean War against Russia. In the following Congress of Paris on 30 March 1856, the Ottoman Empire was officially included among the European family of nations. Abdülmecid's biggest achievement was the announcement and application of the Tanzimat (Reorganization) reforms which were prepared by his father Mahmud II and effectively started the modernization of Ottoman Empire in 1839. For this achievement, one of the Imperial anthems of the Ottoman Empire, the March for Sultan Abdul-Mejid, was named after him.

Ottoman empire anthem The March for sultan Abdul majid i

This is ottoman empire's anthem used during 19th century A.D by Sultan abdul majid i.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4Jz43a_T8M

He was born at Beşiktaş Sahil Palace or at Topkapı Palace, both in Constantinople. His mother was his father's first wife in 1839, Valide Sultan Bezmiâlem, originally named Suzi (1807 - 1852), either a Circassian or Georgian slave Abdülmecid received a European education and was a fluent speaker of the French language, the first sultan to do so, while being interested in literature and classical music like Abdülaziz who succeeded him. He was an advocate of reforms like his father Mahmud II, and was lucky enough to have the support of progressionist viziers like Mustafa Reşit Pasha, Mehmet Emin Ali Paşa and Fuat Pasha. Throughout his reign he had to struggle against conservatives who opposed his reforms. Abdülmecid was also the first emperor to personally listen to the public's complaints in special reception days, usually every Friday, without any middlemen. Abdülmecid toured the empire's territories to see in first person how the Tanzimat reforms were being applied; travelling to İzmit, Mudanya, Bursa, Gallipoli, Çanakkale, Lemnos, Lesbos and Chios in 1844. He toured the Balkan provinces in 1846.

Reign When Abdülmecid succeeded to the throne, the affairs of the Ottoman Empire were in an extremely critical state. At the very time his father died, the news was on its way to Constantinople that the empire's army had been defeated at Nizip by that of the rebel Egyptian viceroy, Muhammad Ali. The empire's fleet was at the same time on its way to Alexandria, where it was handed over to the same enemy by its commander Ahmed Fevzi Pasha, on the pretext that the young sultan's advisers were sold to Russia. However, through the intervention of the European powers, Muhammad Ali was obliged to come to terms, and the Ottoman Empire was saved from further attacks while its territories in Syria, Lebanon and Palestine were restored. This was finalized in the Convention of London (1840). In compliance with his father's express instructions, Abdülmecid immediately carried out the reforms to which Mahmud II had devoted himself. In November 1839 an edict known as the Hatt-ı Şerif of Gülhane, also known as Tanzimat Fermanı was proclaimed, consolidating and enforcing these reforms. The edict was supplemented at the close of the Crimean War by a similar statute issued in February 1856, named the Hatt-ı Hümayun. By these enactments it was provided that all classes of the sultan's subjects should have security for their lives and property; that taxes should be fairly imposed and justice impartially administered; and that all should have full religious liberty and equal civil rights. The scheme met with keen opposition from the Muslim governing classes and the ulema, or religious authorities, and was but partially put in force, especially in the remoter parts of the empire; and more than one conspiracy was formed against the sultan's life on account of it. (end)

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